Application Knowledge (Motor)

What is a stepper motor? Learn the types, how a stepper motor driver and controller work, microstepping, torque curves, and stepper vs servo selection.

What a DC motor controller is, how the circuit works, controller types and ICs, how to choose one, and how to validate it before it drives a real motor.

An SFP module is a hot-swappable transceiver that plugs into a switch, router or FPGA board. Learn SFP types, copper vs fiber, SFP+ 10Gb and how to choose one.

How an elevator motor drive works — VVVF, gearless PMSM, four-quadrant regeneration, safety standards, and how HIL and PHIL testing validates it.

Validate EV inverter test from control code to full power. Traction inverter testing with FPGA-based HIL and PHIL motor emulation — safer, faster, and dyno-free.

Validate BMS, traction inverters, and onboard chargers with FPGA-based HIL testing. Microsecond simulation, 256-channel cell emulation, ISO 26262 support.

Learn how DC-DC converter testing proves efficiency, stability, and protection across the full operating envelope using Power Hardware-in-the-Loop.

Discover how DC fast chargers convert grid AC to battery DC, the standards that govern them, and how Impedyme validates chargers safely without a real battery.